CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM
Classification means grouping any
organisms or objects by their similar characteristics. All living organisms in the earth are divided in to
two kingdom i.e. plant kingdom and animal kingdom. Scientific Classification of living organisms includes Kingdom, Division (Phylum), Sub-division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species and Variety. Plant kingdom has organisms
that are multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll, produce their own
food, and don’t physically move from one place to another. A plant can be
divided into 3 parts root, stem and leaf.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT SUBDIVISIONS:
THALLOPHYTA:
ü The simplest most primitive
plant.
ü Plant body is thallus and
can’t be differentiated in to root, stem and leaves.
ü Don’t form embryo.
ü Divided in to Algae, Fungi
and Lichens.
Examples-Algae, Fungi and
Lichens
BRYOPHYTES:
Ø Plant body is not
differentiated in to root, stem and leaves.
Ø Gametophyte is the
dominating phase in life cycle.
Ø Vascular and mechanical
tissues are absent.
Ø Fertilization is internal.
Ø Sex organ are multi-cellular
and jacketed.
Ø Reproduction is oogamous
type.
Example: Moss
PTERIDOPHYTES:
v Vascular cryptogams.
v Saprophyte is dominating
plant phase.
v Plant body is differentiated
in to root, stem and leaves.
v Vascular tissue present.
v Sexual reproduction is
oogamous type.
v Produce spore inside
sporangia.
Example- Ferns
GYMNOSPERMS:
q Tall evergreen trees
q Roots, woody stems
q Needle-shaped leaves
q Vascular tissues is present
q Cones with reproductive
structures
q Naked seeds in female cones
q Fertilization by pollen tube
q Show secondary growth
Example- Cycas
ANGIOSPERMS:
ü Produce flower
ü Seeds are covered
ü Double fertilization is
present
ü Ovary ripen in to fruit
which contains seed
ü Gametophytic phase is
reduced.
v They can be
broadly divided in to two groups according to the number of cotyledon present
in the seed i.e. Dicotyledons
and Monocotyledons.
v Example- Beans, sunflower, cabbage, papaya, mango cashewnut
etc. are examples of dicotyledons and maize, onoion, banana etc. are that of monocotyledons.
v Before going to study about any living organisms a
detailed knowledge about its systematic classification is essential.
